Alexander I, Ivan F. Kruzenshtern, Yuri F. Lisyansky, Nikolai P. Rezanov. Polycentrism of a successf - Страница 9

Russia was not separated from западно of the European countries by an insuperable wall. By and large, the information on the plans round-the-world плаваний and about realization of these plans reached the inhabitants of Russia.

October 20, 1696 Петр I has lead(carried out) through Боярскую Duma the offer ' to Sea courts to be ... ". This date is nowadays celebrated, as Day of the basis Russian regular военно of a marine sea fleet [Авадяева Е. Н.].

The people having seaworthy knowledge of a high level have appeared, the professional fleet has appeared.

From that time the idea of round-the-world navigation is obvious or латентно was present at minds(wits) of the inhabitants of Empire.

Under the version Both. And. Фирсова the first distinct(clear) project of organization of round-the-world navigation with call on Kamchatka has arisen at вице of the admiral the column Николая Головина in connection with organization of expedition(dispatch) Беринга (1732) [Фирсов And. И.]. In that time the project Н. Головина has not found support.

The round-the-world navigation became real in a reign Екатерины II. Idea has supported Александр Андреевич Безбородко (1747 1799), secretary императрицы. Вице the president of Admiralties of board of the columns Иван Григорьевич Чернышев ' in 1781 began at own expense equipment of round-the-world expedition(dispatch). Командовать by the ship the aide-de-camp лейтенант Григорий Иванович Муловский owed it(him) генеральс. In September, 1787 the ships of expedition(dispatch) ' were in complete readiness for a campaign '. However ' on September 7, 1787 there was a Manifest with the announcement of war of Turkey '. October 4, 1787 the captain 1 го of a rank of. And. Муловский has asked the sanctions to an output(exit) in the sea for the beginning expeditions(dispatch). The answer has not followed. October 28, 1787 there was a decree императрицы about a cancellation of expedition(dispatch). In 1789 during sea battles with the Swedish fleet of. And. Муловский was lost [Фирсов And. И.].

In a number(line) of the references the authors is art домысливают of reflection and experience And. Ф. Крузенштерна, Ю. In. Лисянского, other seamen in connection with (ready to realization, but not holding) expedition(dispatch) of. And. Муловского. If to go on a way of art modeling, it is possible to assume, in first, that has arisen ' синдром Муловского ' (' that that can be broken at last moment '), and, in second, that ' синдром Муловского ' became one of the reasons independent (separately from And. Ф. Крузенштерна) unceasing navigation Ю. Ф. Лисянского from Кантона (China), in Portsmouth (England).

In 1796 the reign Екатерины II was finished. After failure of expedition(dispatch) of. And. Муловского real attempts to organize round-the-world navigation at императрице did not renew.

Екатерину II has replaced at a rudder of the state Павел I. His(its) reign was short enough and inconsistent. The attitudes(relation) with England have become aggravated. Serious attempts to organize round-the-world navigation at it(him) was not undertaken.

March 12, 1801 on Russian престол has entered Александр I.

' Александр I has put the end to the conflict in the attitudes(relations) with England and Spain which has inflamed per last years of a reign Павла I, having signed the simultaneously confidential convention with France. This peace pause, свидетельствовавшая about intention of Russia to be discharged of participation in англо the French rivalry in Europe and to engage in the decision of tasks of the economic life, was used for preparation and realization of measures on strengthening positions of Russia in north of Silent ocean and including for organization of the First Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch) ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

' In 1793. Крузенштерн, Беринг, Лисянский and some other officers of Russian fleet have received business trip in England, длившуюся 6 years ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

Years of life Ивана Фёдоровича Крузенштерна: 1770 - 1846, Юрия Фёдоровича Лисянского: 1773 - 1837. (We shall inform also years of life Николая Петровича Резанова: 1764 - 1807).

In the period "of 'business trip" after various events And. Ф. Крузенштерн has appeared in India, where has met one @. With. Лебедевым, recognized now by one of основоположников востоковедения in Russia.

' Having named Герасимом Степановичем Лебедевым, it(he) began to tell a history of the extraordinary life. (...) Лебедев asked Воронцова to ask a permission to equip three three-mast vessels under Russian flag from Calcutta in St. Petersburg. (...) Крузенштерн long reflected concerning heard. His(its) plan, at first not clear and blurred, accepted more and more distinct(clear) outlines ' [Штейнберг Е. Л.].

' Having returned home, Крузенштерн was going to present the slip to the president Коммерц of board of item. Item. Соймонову (...) ... As it(he) has put forward idea about a parcel(sending) of expedition(dispatch) Муловского, Крузенштерн hoped to find in his(its) person of the adherent ... (...) However Соймонов has left for Moscow and soon has died ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

Speaking about the project And. Ф. Крузенштерна, In. M. Пасецкий marks:

' It(he) is no casual was perceived(recognized) by the contemporaries as памфлет. Maximum сановные of the person of St. Petersburg have not risked completely to report about записках And. Ф. Крузенштерна neither Павлу I, nor Александу I - they were so dangerous by the liberty of ideas. Moreover, they were withdrawn from the documents of government agencies and for the first time are found out in personal archive of the seafarer, when the materials for the scientific biography And were going. Ф. Крузенштерна ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

Here is how describes In. M. Пасецкий that text of the project, which was found out in personal archive of the seafarer: ' ' a Slip to the minister of commerce Соймонову, written onboard a vessel "'Bombay" under a team Гамильтона, with the project of organization of Russian expedition(dispatch) in interests of development of trade and enrichment of the country '. The document represents писарскую a copy of the manuscript in French with editing Крузенштерна (ЦГАВМФ, ф. 14, on. 1, д. 22) ' [Пасецкий In. М.].

' The Project of supply Russian североамериканских колоний by a sea way through two oceans was submitted to government by the minister of commerce, графом Николаем Петровичем Румянцевым, known state figure of epoch Александра I ' [Дмитрашко Н. В.].

3. Sphynx: one expedition(dispatch) two round-the-world navigation. Plus embassy. Троецентрие and energy of competition

Alaska - And лиска - And лузка ...

Русско the American company - креативность and exotic in the bureaucratic Order. A product of unusual activity of the emperor Павла I.

I shall bring - almost completely - clause from Large Soviet Энциклопеции (БСЭ) (1969-1978):

' РОССИЙСКО the AMERICAN COMPANY, trade association founded 8 July (19 1799 in Russia with the purposes of development of territories of Russian America, Kuril and other islands. The company had government in Irkutsk, with 1800 - in St. Petersburg. All crafts and minerals which are taking place in these territories, right were given in exclusive usage it(her) to organize expeditions(dispatch), to borrow(occupy) again open grounds and to trade with the next countries. In territories of Russian possession in America a number(line) of constant settlements was created, the ship-building shipyards, workshops etc. In 1804-40 Р. and are constructed. To. With assistance of Russian government has organized 25 expeditions(dispatches), including 15 round-the-world (And. Ф. Крузенштерна, Ю. Ф. Лисянского etc.), has made research works on Alaska, participated in settling about. Of Sakhalin and Приамурского of edge(territory). The main government of the company with 1824 was located in the house ?72 on Мойке in St. Petersburg. Here frequently passed assemblies чл. Sowing. About ва декабристов. In this house lived To. Ф. Рылеев, serving in 1824-25 governor of businesses Р. and. To. For years of existence of the company the geography and ethnography of Russian America (m was studied. Д. Тебеньков, In. With. Хромченко, And. To. Этолин, And. Ф. Кашеваров, Л. And. Загоскин, And.. Вознесенский etc.). The company promoted introduction in a number(line) of areas хлебопашества, огородничества, cattle breeding '.