The driving force and source of development of the person and his communities - Страница 5

These questions are as follows.

1. Gumilev, in contrast to the above-mentioned scientists, who for the driving forces of development of society accept a secondary or external factors, capable in fact to affect only on the acceleration or deceleration of the development of individual communities and civilization as a whole, quite adequately noted the necessity of the presence as a driving force of every intelligent being and communities of these beings of some hidden, internal "mover", having called it passionarity, but presented this property as the internal energy of an incomprehensible type, which a person replenishes in one or another volume from a reservoir of the Earth's biosphere.

Anyway, Gumilev is right in the attempt to find not some external force, but internal gradually creating dynamics both for a human, and for any group of people united by common interests.

2. Quite fairly as well Gumilev's statement that in each person a certain internal essence acts, and the degree of its activity is defined by its fullness in the person or by its level. It is this fullness that causes a person to fall into a passive state or into an active state, or both of these states are balanced.

3. It is impossible not to agree with Gumilev in the fact that every holistic human community develops unevenly, and this irregularity is determined primarily by the rise or recession at the active part of the community of some inner essence, which he refers to as passionarity, wrongly considering that the nature of this essence is energetical.

4. As for the push initiating impetuous development of community (ethnos), of course, without internal readiness any external influence, for example, some non-fatal radiation, can remain just unnoticed, or the life of community, having suddenly agitated by war or an earthquake, for some time, again will enter the former course, that is, external impacts or influences in themselves can at best accelerate or slow the movement of the community forward, but this movement is possible only if they interact with some inner essence of the person (his communities) , however they cannot replace this essence, that finds its external expression, for example, in lack of the corresponding reaction of community, if this essence has no adequate readiness, more precisely, fullness.

So, for example, all efforts of Léonard da Vinci to implement own inventions, among which there was even a helicopter, remained unnoticed by the community, unlike his pictures.

We need only to find this initial essence of the person, which he transmits to own communities, and which influences to a certain extent on all happening to him including on his development, and on development of his communities.

3. The driving force of the development of society.

Of course, Gumilev's the energetical passionarity has nothing to do with the reason for the development of human communities, because we all know perfectly well that our life is led by nothing else like our own consciousness, which certainly present in every person, and – not by an incomprehensible energy-passionarity or the unconscious will of Schopenhauer.

The problem, however, is to understand what consciousness really is, and how it changes itself and changes the entire world motion. In other words, it is necessary to understand what in consciousness is directly the driving force of development, and what is the primary source of development, and, in general, – the primary source of the indispensable activity of any living being.

We note first of all that to give such definition is not easy, as the root essences that constitute the driving force of the development of human societies at any stage, put on itself different masks, which are taken for the initial causes of the development because of the limitation of the human mind and at the same time – its self-conceit.

However, we will look that we know of consciousness under own point of view.

First we will try to find and define the driving force of the development of society, since the source of development is common to man and other living beings and it should be designated as a source of activity, which, in fact, distinguishes living beings from inanimate matter.

Idealists and materialists quite clearly note the basis of being – matter and consciousness, distributing them, nevertheless, in the hierarchy of beingness oppositely.

Be that as it may, all living beings are different from other objects of being by the presence of consciousness in them, which, in fact, makes them alive. This means that, unlike inanimate objects, they acquire new properties that allow them to replicate themselves through reproduction thanks the genetic code available in them; to be merged with the environment through metabolism; thanks to mutations, to be distributed on different types of living organisms, and, at the same time, with greater or less success, to be modified in accordance with changes in the environment, in particular, to become more complex, etc.

However, these beings in the form of flora and fauna have no subjectness. They manifest themselves in the environment only in the form of dynamic components of the environment that do not conscious themselves, although and act to give development to this environment, but act instinctively-reflexively, i.e. their consciousness is limited consumption of sensations, and it does not go beyond the environment, and the development itself is very slow in comparison with conscious actions. Therefore, such initial type of consciousness can be qualified as the lowest consciousness, the only inherent to all living beings, except for the person who has some kind of complement to it.

This restriction in the only of the lowest consciousness in any representative of the flora or fauna is removed in the person whose consciousness acquires a significant complement in the form of awareness of oneself. Thus, one gets the opportunity to become the subject of action: he understands the meaning of his actions, composing projects, correcting them on the move, that is, remaining as part of the environment, he at the same time rises above it, becoming partly its master and even the creator as in various man-made structures, mechanisms, processes, and creations of the spirit, which is reflected in various areas of art and culture.

Such actions change significantly and with accelerate not only the environment, but also the content of the person, increasing his educational and cultural level, that is, allowing him to become gradually in awareness himself all higher and higher. Therefore, this type of consciousness, which is complementary to the lower consciousness, can be qualified as the highest consciousness of the living beings, or self-consciousness, which is inherent only in people.

Thus, in human beings there are two components of consciousness – the lowest, often called unconscious, or subconscious, and the highest consciousness, or self-consciousness. the level of which can differ significantly depending on the degree of development of the person or his communities – take, for example, the person of the Stone Age and the current Nobel laureate, – the level of consciousness and in that and other case significantly other, however self-consciousness is present both here and there, without disappearing anywhere, but the lowest consciousness, which is responsible generally for functioning of an organism (body) to hold it in a live state and to do it by adequate concerning stay of a body in the environment as well as to fix and spread an organism in the environment, remains almost invariable, i.e. does not depend on time.

Both these components (hypostases) exist and act in the body and through the body in an indissoluble connection, but the highest consciousness is incapable to exist without the lowest, as the last is responsible for preservation of the living being in the environment – it is impossible to do without this, and the first – above all – for conscious and design activity of a being as individually, and in the human communities which are in a certain environment, and other natural beings always do without self-consciousness.