Методическая разработка по английскому языку по специальности «Стандартизация, сертификация и метрол - Страница 2

Ex. 5. Match the beginning with the endings based on the text

Ex. 6. Put the question to the bold-typed words:

1. Scientific metrology concerns the establishment of quantity systems.

2. The Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology (JCGM) maintains the international vocabulary of metrology (VIM).

3. BIPM has identified nine areas

4. These metrological areas include time, mass, length.

5. Legal metrology is a subfield of metrology.

Ex. 7. Make the summary of the text: «Metrology» using the following plan:

1. Definition of metrology;

2. Subfields of metrology;

3. The object of study of scientific metrology;

4. The object of study of the applied metrology;

5. The object of study of legal metrology.

Tell about any organization on metrology functioning in your country on the following plan:

1. When was this organization founded?

2. Where is it situated?

3. What kind of services does this organization provide?

4. Is it the only organization in metrology in your country?

5. What specialists work there?

6. In what spheres of human activity does this organization provide metrological services? Give the examples.

7. What metrological laboratories does this organization include?

8. Is this organization important in your country?

9. Are you planning to work in this organization in the future?

10. Have you ever visited this organization ?

metrological traceability – метрологическая прослеживаемость – метрологиялық бақылау

core сoncept – основное понятие – негізгі түсінік

to establish – устанавливать – құру, қою; орнату, орналасу

property – свойство – қасиет

value – значение – мән; мағына

reference – эталон – эталон, үлгі, өлшем

standard – стандарт – стандарт

to perform – осуществлять, проводить – істеу; жүзеге асыру, іске асу

measuring instrument – измерительный прибор – өлшеуіш аспап

range – диапазон – ауқым

quality – качество – сапа; қасиет

quality management system – система управления качеством – сапаны басқару жүйесі

accuracy – правильность – ұқыптылық; дұрыстық

systematic bias – систематическая ошибка – жүйелі қате

precision – точность – дәлдік; бірдейлік

evaluation – оценка – бағалау, баға кесу; баға

primary standard – первичный стандарт – алғашқы стандарт

error – погрешность, серьезная ошибка – қате, адасу, жаңылу, маңызды қате

ratio – соотношение – қатыс, арақатынас, өзара қатынас; байланыс

previous – предыдущий – бұдан бұрынғы, осыдан ілгері, өткен

comparability – сопоставимость – салыстыру

to use – использовать – пайдалану

equipment – оборудование – жабдық

voltmeter – вольтметр – вольтметр

triple point – тройная точка – үштік нүкте

specimen – образец – үлгі

X-rays – рентгеновские лучи – рентгендік сәулелер

electron beam – пучок электронов – электрондар шоғы

to read – показывать – көрсету; әйгілеу; байқату; таныту; білдіру

constant – постоянный – тұрақты; бірқалыпты, өзгермейтін

to verify – проверять – тексеру, қарап шығу; сынап байқау

to adjust – устанавливать (прибор) – (аспапты) орнату, орналастыру

to allow for – предусматривать – алдын ала ескеру; назарда ұстау

to settle – устанавливать – қоныстану, орналасу; ретке келтіру

distinction – различие – айырма; ерекшелік

inexact – неточный – дәл емес

critical part – важная часть – маңызды бөлім

measurement uncertainty – погрешность измерений – өлшем қателігі

to reserve for – предназначать – арнау, белгілеу; жарату; тағайындау

lead – провод – бастау, көрсету; алып жүру; апару

establishment – установление – орнату

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text

Metrological traceability

A core concept in metrology is metrological traceability, defined by the BIPM as «the property of the result of a measurement or the value of a st andard whereby it can be related to stated references, usually national or international standards, through an unbroken chain of comparisons, all having stated uncertainties)). The level of traceability establishes the level of comparability of the measurement: whether the result of a measurement can be compared to the previous one, a measurement result a year ago, or to the result of a measurement performed anywhere else in the world.

Traceability is most often obtained by calibration, establishing the relation between the indication of a measuring instrument and the value of a measurement standard. These standards are usually coordinated by national metrological institutes: National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Physical Laboratory, UK, etc. Traceability is used to extend measurement from a method that works in one regime to a different method that works in a different regime. An example would be the measurement of the spacing of atomic planes in the same crystal specimen using both X-rays and an electron beam. Traceability also refers to the methodology used to calibrate various instruments by relating them back to a primary standard. Traceability, accuracy, precision, systematic bias, evaluation of measurement uncertainty are critical parts of a quality management system. Mistakes can make measurements and counts incorrect. Even if there are no mistakes, nearly all measurements are still inexact. The term «error» is reserved for that inexactness, also called measurement uncertainty. Among the few exact measurements are:

– The absence of the quantity being measured, such as a voltmeter with its leads shorted together: the meter should read zero exactly.

– Measurement of an accepted constant under qualifying conditions, such as the triple point of pure water: the thermometer should read 273.16 Kelvin (0.01 degrees Celsius, 32.018 degrees Fahrenheit) when qualified equipment is used correctly.

– Self-checking ratio metric measurements, such as a potentiometer: the ratio in between steps is independently adjusted and verified to be beyond influential inexactness.

All other measurements either have to be checked to be sufficiently correct or left to chance. Metrology is the science that establishes the correctness of specific measurement situations. This is done by anticipating and allowing for both mistakes and error. The precise distinction between measurement error and mistakes is not settled and varies by country. Calibration is the process where metrology is applied to measurement equipment and processes to ensure conformity with a known standard of measurement, usually traceable to a national standards board.