Alexander I, Ivan F. Kruzenshtern, Yuri F. Lisyansky, Nikolai P. Rezanov. Polycentrism of a successf - Страница 11
With June 10, 1803 Резанов was awarded by an award Св. Анны I of a degree, пожалован by a rank камергера also is nominated by the envoy in Japan. Simultaneously it(he) has received рескрипт from Александра I with the detailed instruction concerning realization of his(its) diplomatic powers in Japan. The purpose of embassy was reception of the sanction from the Japanese emperor on trade of Russian courts in the Japanese port of Nagasaki or organization of barter trade on an island Матсмае (Иезо). In рескрипте, addressed Резанову, Александр I wrote: ' Having selected you on a feat, the advantage(benefit) fatherland promising, both on the part of the Japanese trade, and in a reasoning of formation(education) of the American edge(territory), in which to you is entrusted участь тамошних of the inhabitants, was charged with I to the chancellor to hand over you the letter, from me to the Japanese emperor nominated, and minister of commerce in both subjects to supply you with the appropriate instructions, which are already authorized by me '. With the ambassador was decided(solved) to send rich gifts to the Japanese emperor and his(its) main dignitaries, and also number(line) of the goods for the beginning of trade operations.
Under the insisting the column Румянцева, Александр I has permitted(solved) to send the Russian ambassador in Japan by the same ships, which should deliver the goods in Russian североамериканские колонии. With embassy was decided(solved) to send scientific expedition(dispatch) for research of coasts of Silent ocean ' [Фирсов And. И.].
' By the Envoy in Japan was nominated камергер Н. Item. Резанов, one of the active figures Российско of the American company. The first Russian round-the-world expedition(dispatch) turned to the important political enterprise. However its(her) main task, as it is visible from ' to the Instruction given valid камергеру Резанову ', there was ' a trade Российско of the American company ', on whose means were bought and are supplied of court of expedition(dispatch) - ' Hope "'and" Neva '. (In connection with sending diplomatic mission which is taking place onboard ' of Hope ', this ship was accepted on the state account, switching and biennial contents of his(its) crew.)
The scientific tasks were not overlooked(forgotten) also. Already in the first governmental documents, where the main subject of expedition(dispatch) was considered(examined), there was a speech about естественнонаучном research of Russian possession in America both other places and countries, which should visit the ships. For this purpose the botany and some students минералогов was supposed in structure of expedition(dispatch) to include of the scientist натуралиста.
From the scientist, which circle has appeared much more widely, the detailed descriptions of the visited grounds and collections of geological breeds, metals, ground, minerals, plants, семян, animals, fishes, corals, bowls, insects and т were expected. д. Each "'thing" should be described and is numbered. The rather important meaning(importance) was given to ethnographic researches, including study of an image of life, customs, religion, crafts, art, dwellings, weapon, clothes and т. д. The artists of expedition(dispatch) were recommended to deliver sketches of costumes and kinds of Russian settlements in America.
The following place was allocated(removed) to manufacture of exact meteorological supervision - behind the polar lights and others ' the notes worthy ' by natural phenomena.
Медикам it was necessary not only to study illnesses and ways of their treatment, but also to make all from them dependent ' to maintenance страждущего of mankind '. Besides in case of favorable circumstances the research северо of western coast of America ' was supposed [Фирсов And. И.].
И. Ф. Крузенштерн and Ю. Ф. Лисянский. Some details to the characteristics of the persons
And And. Ф. Крузенштерн, and Ю. Ф. Лисянский were the outstanding people. Both possessed experience sea плаваний, experience of battle(dashing) actions in structure of the Russian and English fleet, experience of travels.
И. Ф. Крузенштерну was peculiar what that special удачливость. During a service добровольцем by the ships of the English fleet (it there was a format of business trip for purchase of knowledge and skills) it(he) gradually moved from cape of Kind Hope on east, a part of a way has overcome by the ship with the punched bottom (hole has stopped up the got stuck stone), and, basically, had some chances still during this period to make round-the-world travel (from Asia - having rounded a southern extremity of Southern America, further through the Atlantic ocean - in Europe). But during this period there was no circumstance. And. Ф. Крузенштерн has returned to England, and then and in Russia by a return way, following along the African coast.
' The Academy of sciences, taking into account breadth of knowledge Крузенштерна, April 25, 1803 has selected by his(its) member by the correspondent. The Russian scientists assigned the large hopes to round-the-world navigation and, as is known, they were justified ' [Пасецкий In. М.].
Thus, the Academy, in first, highly has estimated the officer And. Ф. Крузенштерна, not so for a long time come back from England, where it(he) served on the rights волонтера, and, in second, as though 'has "confirmed" scientific character forthcoming to expedition(dispatch).
Let's explain, that the ships "'Hope" and "'Neva" have set off to navigation of August 7, 1803.
And And. Ф. Крузенштерну, and Ю. Ф. Лисянскому even prior to the beginning round-the-world expedition(dispatch) it was possible to visit in New Light, in USA.
И. And. Фирсов раздумчиво marks: ' As neither Крузенштерн, nor Баскаков have not left for потомков what or записок about stay in New Light, we shall pay attention to some remarkable and perspicacious remarks and conclusions made Юрием Лисянским. (...) of a Sketch Лисянского are much more interesting, are systematical and are various, than note of the first Russian man who has visited before that in America, - Федора Каржавина ' [Фирсов And. И.].
Can be, there are some bases for a conclusion about ' государственно diplomatic qualities ' And. Ф. Крузенштерна and ' is ingenuous of romanticism ' Ю. Ф. Лисянского?
One of the biographers And. Ф. Крузенштерна uses an interesting and neat word collocation: ' the Greatness of this scientific feat can be appreciated only at disclosing all перипетий ' wars of nerves ', which to it(him) should be sustained, before it(he) has achieved the edition of the child ' [Пасецкий In. М.]. ' War of nerves ' - persistence - the persistence ... Is the bases to believe, that it is concepts from one number(line).
About Ю. Ф. Лисянском is met such opinion: ' Проглядывалась in it(him) what that sincere благость. ' Be can, it(he) is too keen on divinity. Therefore also sailors are better than others it(him) listen ', - has thought involuntarily Гревенс. Does not pass(miss) any богослужения, on a shelf at him(it) by a number(line) of the composition Ломоносова, Хераскова and Библия, which unless at иеромонаха is present. In a cabin in a corner иконка Николая Чудотворца, and before it(her) day and the night is lit лампада ... ' [Фирсов And. И.]. Let's add, That Ю. Ф. Лисянский was one of the sons протоиерея of church Иоанна Theological in one @. Нежине.
In all information sources is emphasized интеллектуальность and Ю. Ф. Лисянского and And. Ф. Крузенштерна.
' - I confirm, this skilled captain, - has responded about Лисянском Мордвинов, - many years floated in the English fleet in Ост and Вест India, in Africa and America has visited. Besides thoughtful and inquisitive. Nowadays on highest соизволению his(its) translation of the English scientific treatise by a sea part is printed. Is on a sign, - the captain Крузенштерн, it(him) соплаватель has added Мордвинов, - also. Now has presented the entertaining project about advantage(benefit) of navigation to Great ocean ' [Фирсов And. И.].